Dr. Marieke Bak

Research fellow

Marieke Bak is a Senior Research Associate at the Institute for the History and Ethics of Medicine (IGEM) at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). Marieke Bak is a bioethicist with a strong interest in technology and innovation, as well as in international health policy. Her current research focus is on the ethics of data-driven care, which includes the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI).

She received her PhD in medical ethics from the University of Amsterdam (NL), with a thesis about the ethics of collecting and using big data in an international cardiac arrest research project. During that time she was also Visiting Scholar at the Oxford Internet Institute (UK) where she worked on post-mortem data privacy in healthcare. Afterwards, her postdoc project in Amsterdam focused on the ethics of using AI for risk prediction in cardiovascular care. She has participated in succesful grant applications for external funding, including Horizon projects with an ethics work package, to the sum of approximately 1.5 million EUR.

Before working in bioethics, she conducted qualitative research about prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases in Scotland and Kazakhstan. Marieke Bak holds a bachelor's degree in Biology (with honors), and master's degrees in Philosophy, Bioethics and Health, as well as in Management and Policy Analysis in the Health and Life Sciences (cum laude). Today, her methodological approach continues to include empirical research as a supplement to normative analysis. Since she came to TUM, she has been involved in several projects that explicity use the interdisciplinary and practice-oriented approach of embedded ethics (EE), developed by the Institute.

At TUM, she works on a project about improving the care trajectory of cancer patients through innovative design and data-driven conversation tools and prediction models. There, with other ethicists and in close collaboration with the project partners and patient representatives, she aims to embed ethics into the development process. Before that, she was involved at TUM as embedded ethicist in another interdisciplinary collaboration with roboticists, social scientists and legal experts about robots in elderly care.

Marieke Bak is also affiliated with the Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities of the Amsterdam UMC. There, she teaches medical ethics, supervises PhD students, is a member of ethics committees, and coordinates an interdisciplinary working group on "Technology and Good Care". She is a board member of the Amsterdam Public Health Insitute's Personalized Medicine programme and of the Dutch Society of Bioethics.

  • Digital health ethics
  • Ethics of medical research
  • Embedded Ethics
  • Resource allocation and justice concerns
  • Prevention and (international) public health
2024
Bak, Marieke;Madai, Vince I.;Celi, Leo Anthony;Kaissis, Georgios A.;Cornet, Ronald;Maris, Menno;Rueckert, Daniel;Buyx, Alena;McLennan, Stuart (2024). Federated learning is not a cure-all for data ethics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, In: Nature Machine Intelligence [mehr...]
Cordes, Ashley;Bak, Marieke;Lyndon, Mataroria;Hudson, Maui;Fiske, Amelia;Celi, Leo Anthony;McLennan, Stuart (2024). Competing interests: digital health and indigenous data sovereignty., Band 7, Ausgabe 1 [mehr...]
Cordes, Ashley;Bak, Marieke;Lyndon, Mataroria;Hudson, Maui;Fiske, Amelia;Celi, Leo Anthony;McLennan, Stuart (2024). Competing interests: digital health and indigenous data sovereignty, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, In: npj Digital Medicine, Band 7, Ausgabe 1 [mehr...]
2023
Bak, Marieke (2023). AI Can Show You the World., Band 23, Ausgabe 10, S. 107-110 [mehr...]
Bak, Marieke A R;Ploem, M Corrette;Tan, Hanno L;Blom, M T;Willems, Dick L (2023). Towards trust-based governance of health data research., Band 26, Ausgabe 2, S. 185-200 [mehr...]
Bak, Marieke A R;Vroonland, Jelle C H;Blom, Marieke T;Damjanovic, Domagoj;Willems, Dick L;Tan, Hanno L;Corrette Ploem, M (2023). Data-driven sudden cardiac arrest research in Europe: Experts' perspectives on ethical challenges and governance strategies., Band 15 [mehr...]
Simons, Rogier C;Bak, Marieke A R;Legemaate, Johan;Ploem, Corrette (2023). Towards a less voluntary vaccination policy in the Netherlands? Findings from an expert interview study., Band 133 [mehr...]
Skerlj, Jon;Braun, Maximilian;Witz, Sophia;Breuer, Svenja;Bak, Marieke;Scholz, Sebastian;Naceri, Abdeldjallil;Müller, Ruth;Haddadin, Sami;Eisenberger, Iris (2023). Data Recording for Responsible Robotics, IEEE [mehr...]
2022
Bak, Marieke A R;Willems, Dick L (2022). Contextual Exceptionalism After Death: An Information Ethics Approach to Post-Mortem Privacy in Health Data Research., Band 28, Ausgabe 4 [mehr...]
Bak, Marieke;Madai, Vince Istvan;Fritzsche, Marie-Christine;Mayrhofer, Michaela Th;McLennan, Stuart (2022). You Can't Have AI Both Ways: Balancing Health Data Privacy and Access Fairly., Band 13 [mehr...]

2021

Willems, D.L., Bak, M.A.R., Tan, H., Lindinger, G., Kocar, A., Shamloo, A. S., … & Dagres, N. (2021). Ethical issues in two parallel trials of personalised criteria for implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention: the PROFID project—a position paper. Open Heart, 8(2), e001686.

Bak, M.A.R., Veeken, R., Blom, M.T., Tan, H.L., & Willems, D.L. (2021). Health data research on sudden cardiac arrest: perspectives of survivors and their next-of-kin. BMC medical ethics, 22(1), 1-15.

Ploem, M.C., Bak, M.A.R., & Linthorst, G.E. (2021). Casuïstiek van overleden patiënten: kan die zomaar worden gepubliceerd? [Case reports of deceased patients] Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde, 165.

Bak, M.A.R., Blom, M.T., Koster, R.W., & Ploem, M.C. (2021). Resuscitation with an AED: putting the data to use. Netherlands Heart Journal, 29(4), 179-185.

2020

Bak, M.A.R., Hoyle, L. P., Mahoney, C., & Kyle, R. G. (2020). Strategies to promote nurses’ health: A qualitative study with student nurses. Nurse Education in Practice, 48, 102860.

2019

Bak, M.A.R.., Ploem, M.C., Ateşyürek, H., Blom, M.T., Tan, H.L., & Willems, D.L. (2019). Stakeholders’ perspectives on the post-mortem use of genetic and health-related data for research: a systematic review. European Journal of Human Genetics, 1-14.

Bak, M.A.R. (2019). Computing fairness: ethics of modeling and simulation in public health. Simulation (special issue on ethics). 98(2), 103-111.

2018

Bak, M.A.R., Blom, M. T., Tan, H. L., & Willems, D. L. (2018). Ethical aspects of sudden cardiac arrest research using observational data: a narrative review. Critical Care, 22(1), 212.

Schneider, A., Bak, M.A.R., Mahoney, C., Hoyle, L., Kelly, M., Ahterton, I.M., Kyle, R.G. (2018). Health-related behaviours of nurses and other healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study using the Scottish Health Survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(6), 1239-1251.

Bak, M.A.R., van Dam, A., & Janssens, R. (2018). Awareness and Acceptability of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kazakhstan: A Mixed Methods Study. Central Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(2), 102-115.

Basavaiah, G., Rent, P. D., Rent, E. G., Sullivan, R., Towne, M., Bak, M.A.R., … & Shrikhande, S. V. (2018). Financial Impact of Complex Cancer Surgery in India: A Study of Pancreatic Cancer. Journal of Global Oncology, 4, 1-9.

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